People have been studying chemistry for millennia, and we have learned how to extract metals from ore, ferment the alcohol and extract chemicals from plants for medicine. Chemistry is one of the leading sciences without which no industry can exist.
1. One of the fundamental concepts of modern chemistry is “atom” and “molecule”. Scientists know only a little over a hundred kinds of atoms and they have been studied more than 18 million molecules.
2. Without chemical processes, human existence would not be possible. For example, about one hundred thousand chemical reactions occur every second in your brain.
3. People have known chlorine (common salt) for a long time. According to archaeological studies, it was found that salt began to be used more than five thousand years ago.
4. Although hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and it has been estimated that hydrogen makes up more than 90% of all the atoms. This is one of the lightest gases, so a liter of hydrogen weighs less than 0.09 grams.
5. Hydrogen atoms are so tiny that if they are put into one chain in the amount of ten million, then it will be only about one millimeter long.
6. In one ton of granite about 2.5 g of uranium. This means that a granite rock that weighs a thousand tons can produce up to 2.5 kilograms of such a dangerous element as uranium.
7. When the crystal(lead glass) was first found in the Swiss Alps, people thought it was special frozen water.
8. Funny, but the cat was the one who discovered iodine. According to one version, the cat of the French chemist Bernard Courtois turned sulfuric acid into a suspension of seaweed ash. When the liquids were mixed as a result of a chemical reaction, a cloud of a violet vapor formed and it was a new element “iodine”.
9. Few people know that gold and silver are called “noble” metals, not because of their beauty and rarity, but because they are resistant to corrosion and oxidation in moist air and very difficult to dissolve. For example, gold is not affected even by dilute or concentrated acids, but it dissolves only in a mixture of two very powerful acids (nitric and hydrochloric), which is called “Aqua regia”.
10. The boiling point of oxygen is -183 ° C, and it freezes at 218 ° C. Although the oxygen gas has no color, it is pale blue in the liquid and solid-state. Therefore, if a large amount of air is diluted, it will have a blueish tint similar to water.
11. For the Kyiv-Paris flight, aircraft use from 15 to 25 tons of oxygen. The same amount of oxygen can produce in the process of photosynthesis 8-16 thousand hectares of forest; the car uses 50-60 times more oxygen than the driver.
12. The only letter that is still missing from the periodic table of chemical elements is the letter “J”.
